Based on the current research status of shale oil exploration and development at home and abroad, combing the field observations, dissection of typical shale oil regions, analysis and testing of organic-rich shale samples, etc., we compare the differences in geological and engineering characteristics of shale oil reservoirs in marine and continental basins between China and the United States. We put forward 8 issues worthy of attention in the exploration and development of lacustrine shale oil in typical basins of China, including the concept of tight oil and shale oil, differences between continental and marine shale oil reservoirs, medium-low maturity and medium-high maturity, vertical permeability and horizontal permeability, source-reservoir and source-caprock, geology and engineering, selection criteria of favorable areas and "sweet spots", and basic scientific research and application research. By comparing and analyzing organic-rich shales in the Triassic Yanchang Formation of the Ordos Basin, the Permian Lucaogou Formation in the Jimsar Sag of the Junggar Basin, the Permian Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag, the Cretaceous Qingshankou & Nenjiang Formation in the Songliao Basin and the Paleogene Kongdian & Shahejie Formation in the Bohai Bay Basin, from shale oil exploration to development, three key scientific issues must be studied in-depth in the future: (1) the physical, chemical and biological processes during the deposition of terrestrial fine-grained sediments and the formation mechanism of terrestrial organic-rich shale; (2) diagenesis-hydrocarbon-generation and storage dynamics, hydrocarbon occurrence and enrichment mechanism; (3) the fracturing mechanisms of terrestrial shale layers in different diagenetic stages and the multi-phase and multi-scale flow mechanism of shale oil in shale layers of different maturities. Clarifying the main controlling factors of shale oil reservoir characterization, oil-bearing properties, compressibility and fluidity of shale oil with different maturities and establishing a lacustrine shale oil enrichment model and the evaluation methodology can provide effective development methods, and theoretical foundation, and technical support for the large scale economical exploration and development of lacustrine shale oil resources in China.
