Well-being analysis of distribution network in the presence of electric vehicles

Environmental concerns, limitations of fossil fuels and their pollution are among the most important challenges of societies today. To overcome these challenges, the penetration rate of electric vehicles and renewable energy resources has highly increased. But the use of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles with unmanaged charging exerts a negative impact on the electric grid reliability. The current study presents a comprehensive investigation of the reliability of distribution grid based on stochastic behavior of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and renewable energy resources. Moreover, a new method is introduced for grid well-being management in the presence of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The proposed method includes the managed charging and vehicle to grid scenarios and is tested through improved of Roy Billinton test system bus 2. The presented method manages the plug-in hybrid electric vehicles charging and power injection to the grid using system well-being analysis. The simulation results indicate that adequacy of distribution grid is put at risk state in the presence of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles with unmanaged charging, whereas the use of the proposed method not only does not deteriorate the system reliability but also improves well-being criteria and adequacy indices. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.