Seizure threshold increases can be predicted by EEG quality in right unilateral ultrabrief ECT

Increases in seizure threshold (ST) over a course of brief pulse ECT can be predicted by decreases in EEG quality, informing ECT dose adjustment to maintain adequate supra-threshold dosing. ST increases also occur over a course of right unilateral ultrabrief (RUL UB) ECT, but no data exist on the relationship between ST increases and EEG indices. This study (n = 35) investigated if increases in ST over RUL UB ECT treatments could be predicted by a decline in seizure quality. ST titration was performed at ECT session one and seven, with treatment dosing maintained stable (at 6-8 times ST) in intervening sessions. Seizure quality indices (slow-wave onset, mid-ictal amplitude, regularity, stereotypy, and post-ictal suppression) were manually rated at the first supra-threshold treatment, and last supra-threshold treatment before re-titration, using a structured rating scale, by a single trained rater blinded to the ECT session being rated. Twenty-one subjects (60%) had a ST increase. The association between ST changes and EEG quality indices was analysed by logistic regression, yielding a significant model (p < 0.001). Initial ST (p < 0.05) and percentage change in mid-ictal amplitude (p < 0.05) were significant predictors of change in ST. Percentage change in post-ictal suppression reached trend level significance (p = 0.065). Increases in ST over a RUL UB ECT course may be predicted by decreases in seizure quality, specifically decline in mid-ictal amplitude and potentially in post-ictal suppression. Such EEG indices may be able to inform when dose adjustments are necessary to maintain adequate supra-threshold dosing in RUL UB ECT.