Gut Microbial Diversity in Female Patients With Invasive Mole and Choriocarcinoma and Its Differences Versus Healthy Controls

Objective To investigate variation in gut microbiome in female patients with invasive mole (IM) and choriocarcinoma (CC) and compare it with healthy controls. Methods Fecal microbiome of 12 female patients with IM, 9 female patients with CC, and 24 healthy females were analyzed based on 16s rDNA sequencing. Alpha (alpha) diversity was evaluated using Shannon diversity index and Pielou evenness index, while beta (beta) diversity was assessed using principle coordinate analysis (PCoA) of unweighted Unifrac distances. The potential functional changes of microbiomes were predicted using Tax4Fun. The relative abundance of microbial taxa was compared using Welch's t test. The role of varied gut microbiota was analyzed via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results The alpha diversity and beta diversity were significantly different between IM patients and controls, but not between CC patients and controls. In addition, the abundance of cancer-related genes was significantly increased in IM and CC patients. Notably, a total of 19 families and 39 genera were found to have significant differences in bacterial abundance. ROC analysis indicated that Prevotella_7 may be a potential biomarker among IM, CC, and controls. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that the diversity and composition of gut microbiota among IM patients, CC patients, and healthy females were significantly different, which provides rationale for using gut microbiota as diagnostic markers and treatment targets, as well as for further study of gut microbiota in gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN).