How Do Chemistry Teachers Deal with Students' Incorrect/Undesired Responses to Oral Classroom Questions? Exploring Effective Feedback Practices

In this paper, chemistry teachers' reactions/behavior or actions following students' undesired, unexpected or incorrect responses/answers to the posed teacher oral questions are reported. This study which was carried out in Tanzania in Iringa Municipality involved three chemistry teachers teaching in three different secondary schools. Actual teaching situations of the three teachers were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed interpretively. We also performed semi-structured interviews with these teachers to bring forth the teachers' inherent perceptions about their practice in relation to what was observed of the teachers' individual actual teaching situations. Up to eight different forms of teachers' responses or reactions to students' undesired responses or incorrect answers are discussed with respect to how each is perceived to either positively or negatively affect students' progressive learning. From the study, productive questioning is affected by teachers' inability to effectively use classroom powers to trigger students' thinking, as well as not being able to use students' varied views to achieve the set learning goals. Instead of using their power strategies to facilitate students' engagement with the scientific matter, the teachers used their classroom powers to guard themselves against classroom insecurities during the teaching process, such as preventing students from questioning their subject knowledge competencies.