Asthma: personalized and precision medicine

Purpose of reviewIn this review, we herein describe the progress in management of severe asthma, evolving from a blockbuster approach' to a more personalized approach targeted to the utilization of endotype-driven therapies.Recent findingsSevere asthma characterization in phenotypes and endotypes, by means of specific biomarkers, have led to the dichotomization of the concepts of personalized medicine' and precision medicine', which are often used as synonyms, but actually have conceptual differences in meaning. The recent contribute of the omic sciences (i.e. proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, genomics, ...) has brought this initially theoretic evolution into a more concrete level.SummaryThis step-by-step transition would bring to a better approach to severe asthmatic patients as the personalization of their therapeutic strategy would bring to a better patient selection, a more precise endotype-driven treatment, and hopefully to better results in terms of reduction of exacerbation rates, symptoms, pulmonary function and quality of life.