The forced swim test: Historical, conceptual and methodological considerations and its relationship with individual behavioral traits

被引:81
作者
Armario, Antonio [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Fac Biosci, Inst Neurociencies,CIBERSAM, Anim Physiol Unit,Dept Cellular Biol Physiol & Im, Campus Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
关键词
Individual differences; Coping; Anxiety; Depression; Learned-helplessness; Antidepressants; TAIL SUSPENSION TEST; WISTAR-KYOTO RATS; CHRONIC ANTIDEPRESSANT TREATMENT; PREDICT DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSES; GENETIC ANIMAL-MODEL; DORSAL RAPHE NUCLEUS; ELEVATED PLUS-MAZE; STRAIN DIFFERENCES; NOVELTY-SEEKING; LEARNED HELPLESSNESS;
D O I
10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.014
中图分类号
B84 [心理学]; C [社会科学总论]; Q98 [人类学];
学科分类号
03 ; 0303 ; 030303 ; 04 ; 0402 ;
摘要
The forced swim test (FST), developed by Porsolt and collaborators in 1977 to evaluate antidepressant (AD) treatments in rodents, has become extensively used for this purpose and to evaluate depression-like states. Despite its popularity, studies have raised important concerns regarding its theoretical and predictive validity. In my view and that of others, the FST mainly evaluates coping strategies in an inescapable situation. Although it is reasonable to assume that ADs act favoring active coping whereas negative affective states would favor passive coping, this does not mean that only ADs should enhance active coping or that a depression state has developed, respectively. Given its simplicity, proper interpretation of the FST behavior is critically dependent on how FST behavior relates to other behavioral traits. Unfortunately, this issue has been poorly discussed previously. Then, the present review, using a historical perspective, offers information needed to better understand the meaning and limitations of the FST, discusses critical methodological aspects and analyzes the relationship of FST behavior with classical behavioral traits in rodents.
引用
收藏
页码:74 / 86
页数:13
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