Low Dimensional, Broadband, Luminescent Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials for Lighting Applications

Low dimensional (low D) organic-inorganic metal halide hybrids are a new class of multifunctional material that boasts facile synthesis, solution processability, structural tunability/versatility, and enabling photophysical properties with myriads of opto-electronic applications. Dimensionality engineering of AMX(3) based 3D perovskites leads to the generation of 2D layered, 1D chain, 0D molecular structures that differ in the extent of connectivity/electronic dimensionality. Increased confinement in bulk low D hybrids fosters strongly bound excitons with unprecedented site isolation/localization. Consequently, low D hybrids exhibit remarkable optoelectronic properties. Given the recent research efforts on low D hybrids, and lacunae in their general design principles, it is indeed timely to review their progress. Here, various low D hybrids (2D, 1D, 0D), their design rationale, their broadband luminescence and its mechanistic origin with special focus to the existing structure-function correlation, and their multifaceted luminescent applications is reviewed. We also provide a glimpse into the current challenges and future prospects of the low D hybrids.