The Role of Tryptophan Metabolites in Neuropsychiatric Disorders

被引：98
作者：
Davidson, Majid [1 ,2 ]
Rashidi, Niloufar [1 ,2 ]
Nurgali, Kulmira [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Apostolopoulos, Vasso [1 ,4 ]
机构：
[1] Victoria Univ, Inst Hlth & Sport, Melbourne, Vic 3011, Australia
[2] Australian Inst Musculoskeletal Sci AIMSS, Regenerat Med & Stem Cells Program, Melbourne, Vic 3021, Australia
[3] Univ Melbourne, Fac Med Dent & Hlth Sci, Dept Med Western Hlth, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia
[4] Australian Inst Musculoskeletal Sci AIMSS, Immunol Program, Melbourne, Vic 3021, Australia
来源：
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES | 2022年 / 23卷 / 17期
关键词：
tryptophan; neuropsychiatric disorders; metabolic pathways; pharmacological influences; KYNURENINE PATHWAY METABOLISM; MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BIPOLAR DISORDER; DOUBLE-BLIND; INDOLEAMINE 2,3-DIOXYGENASE; QUINOLINIC ACID; WHITE-MATTER; SEROTONIN;
D O I：
10.3390/ijms23179968
中图分类号：
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号：
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要：
In recent decades, neuropsychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar, etc., have become a global health concern, causing various detrimental influences on patients. Tryptophan is an important amino acid that plays an indisputable role in several physiological processes, including neuronal function and immunity. Tryptophan's metabolism process in the human body occurs using different pathways, including the kynurenine and serotonin pathways. Furthermore, other biologically active components, such as serotonin, melatonin, and niacin, are by-products of Tryptophan pathways. Current evidence suggests that a functional imbalance in the synthesis of Tryptophan metabolites causes the appearance of pathophysiologic mechanisms that leads to various neuropsychiatric diseases. This review summarizes the pharmacological influences of tryptophan and its metabolites on the development of neuropsychiatric disorders. In addition, tryptophan and its metabolites quantification following the neurotransmitters precursor are highlighted. Eventually, the efficiency of various biomarkers such as inflammatory, protein, electrophysiological, genetic, and proteomic biomarkers in the diagnosis/treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders was discussed to understand the biomarker application in the detection/treatment of various diseases.
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页数：18
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