METEOROLOGY, AIR QUALITY, AND HEALTH IN LONDON The ClearfLo Project

被引：83

作者：

Bohnenstengel, S. I. ^{[1
]}

Belcher, S. E. ^{[1
]}

Aiken, A. ^{[2
]}

Allan, J. D. ^{[3
,4
,5
]}

Allen, G.

Bacak, A. ^{[5
]}

Bannan, T. J. ^{[5
]}

Barlow, J. F. ^{[1
]}

Beddows, D. C. S. ^{[6
]}

Bloss, W. J. ^{[6
]}

Booth, A. M. ^{[5
]}

Chemel, C. ^{[7
]}

Coceal, O. ^{[8
]}

Di Marco, C. F. ^{[9
]}

Dubey, M. K. ^{[2
]}

Faloon, K. H. ^{[6
]}

Fleming, Z. L. ^{[10
,11
]}

Furger, M. ^{[12
]}

Gietl, J. K. ^{[6
]}

Graves, R. R. ^{[13
]}

Green, D. C. ^{[14
]}

Grimmond, C. S. B. ^{[1
]}

Halios, C. H. ^{[1
]}

Hamilton, J. F. ^{[15
]}

Harrison, R. M. ^{[16
,17
,18
,19
]}

Heal, M. R. ^{[20
]}

Heard, D. E. ^{[21
]}

Helfter, C. ^{[9
]}

Herndon, S. C. ^{[22
]}

Holmes, R. E. ^{[15
]}

Hopkins, J. R. ^{[23
]}

Jones, A. M. ^{[6
]}

Kelly, F. J. ^{[24
,25
]}

Kotthaus, S. ^{[1
]}

Langford, B. ^{[9
]}

Lee, J. D. ^{[26
,27
]}

Leigh, R. J. ^{[13
]}

Lewis, A. C. ^{[23
]}

Lidster, R. T. ^{[15
]}

Lopez-Hilfiker, F. D. ^{[28
]}

McQuaid, J. B. ^{[29
]}

Mohr, C. ^{[28
]}

Monks, P. S. ^{[30
]}

Nemitz, E. ^{[9
]}

Ng, N. L. ^{[31
,32
]}

Percival, C. J. ^{[5
]}

Prevot, A. S. H. ^{[12
]}

Ricketts, H. M. A. ^{[5
]}

Sokhi, R. ^{[33
]}

Stone, D. ^{[21
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England

[2] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth Syst Observat, Los Alamos, NM USA

[3] Univ Manchester, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England

[4] Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England

[5] Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England

[6] Univ Birmingham, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Birmingham, W Midlands, England

[7] Univ Hertfordshire, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England

[8] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England

[9] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Penicuik, Midlothian, Scotland

[10] Univ Leicester, Dept Chem, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England

[11] Univ Leicester, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Leicester, Leics, England

[12] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, Villigen, Switzerland

[13] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England

[14] Kings Coll London, Sch Biomed Sci, London, England

[15] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England

[16] King Abdulaziz Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia

[17] King Abdulaziz Univ, Ctr Excellence Environm Studies, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia

[18] Univ Birmingham, Div Environm Hlth & Risk Management, Birmingham, W Midlands, England

[19] Univ Birmingham, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Birmingham, W Midlands, England

[20] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Chem, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland

[21] Univ Leeds, Sch Chem, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England

[22] Aerodyne Res Inc, Ctr Atmospher & Environm Chem, Billerica, MA USA

[23] Univ York, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England

[24] MRC, Publ Hlth England Ctr Environm & Hlth, London, England

[25] Kings Coll London, London, England

[26] Univ York, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England

[27] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England

[28] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

[29] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England

[30] Univ Leicester, Dept Chem, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England

[31] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA

[32] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA

[33] Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Atmospher & Instrumentat Res, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England

[34] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster, England

[35] Aerodyne Res Inc, Ctr Aerosol & Cloud Chem, Billerica, MA USA

[36] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA

来源：

BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY | 2015年 / 96卷 / 05期

关键词：

VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SURFACE-ENERGY BALANCE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; URBAN; POLLUTION; FLUXES; UK; CLIMATE; AREA;

D O I：

10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00245.1

中图分类号：

P4 [大气科学（气象学）];

学科分类号：

0706 ; 070601 ;

摘要：

Air quality and heat are strong health drivers, and their accurate assessment and forecast are important in densely populated urban areas. However, the sources and processes leading to high concentrations of main pollutants, such as ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and fine and coarse particulate matter, in complex urban areas are not fully understood, limiting our ability to forecast air quality accurately. This paper introduces the Clean Air for London (ClearfLo; www.clearflo.ac.uk) project's interdisciplinary approach to investigate the processes leading to poor air quality and elevated temperatures.Within ClearfLo, a large multi-institutional project funded by the U.K. Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), integrated measurements of meteorology and gaseous, and particulate composition/loading within the atmosphere of London, United Kingdom, were undertaken to understand the processes underlying poor air quality. Long-term measurement infrastructure installed at multiple levels (street and elevated), and at urban background, curbside, and rural locations were complemented with high-resolution numerical atmospheric simulations. Combining these (measurement-modeling) enhances understanding of seasonal variations in meteorology and composition together with the controlling processes. Two intensive observation periods (winter 2012 and the Summer Olympics of 2012) focus upon the vertical structure and evolution of the urban boundary layer; chemical controls on nitrogen dioxide and ozone productionin particular, the role of volatile organic compounds; and processes controlling the evolution, size, distribution, and composition of particulate matter. The paper shows that mixing heights are deeper over London than in the rural surroundings and that the seasonality of the urban boundary layer evolution controls when concentrations peak. The composition also reflects the seasonality of sources such as domestic burning and biogenic emissions.

引用

页码：779 / 804

页数：26

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