Treating Gynecologic Malignancies in Elderly Patients

Aim: To determine the relative benefits of full and partial treatment for gynecologic malignancies in elderly patients. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of all consecutive patients (n = 169) aged 79 and older (median age 82 y; range, 79 to 94 y), diagnosed between 1971 and 2007 with various types of gynecologic malignancies (endometrial, 52%; ovarian, 26%; vulvar, 11%; cervical, 5%; other, 6%) was conducted. Stages were I to II (47%), III to IV (35.5%), and unknown (17.5%). Major comorbidities were hypertension (51%), diabetes (17%), cardiac diseases (34%), and other malignancy (12%). Regardless of age or chronic illnesses, patients were grouped on the basis of having been treated optimally (100 patients; 59.2%), defined as the accepted standard for each diagnosis and stage including surgery and adjuvant radiation or chemotherapy as indicated; or suboptimally (69 patients; 40.8%), that is, no or only partial treatment. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazard models, univariate and multivariable were conducted. Results: For all patients with suboptimal treatment, the age-andstage- adjusted hazard ratio for death was 1.76 (95% CI, 1.203-2.570; P = 0.004) compared with optimal treatment. Age-adjusted hazard ratio was 2.15 (95% CI, 1.127-4.114; P = 0.02) and 2.3 (95% CI, 1.415-3.779; P = 0.001) for ovarian and endometrial cancer patients, respectively. Age-adjusted and stage-adjusted hazard ratio was 2.8 (95% CI, 1.099-5.157; P = 0.028) and 1.53 (95% CI, 0.867-2.702; P = 0.1420) for ovarian and endometrial cancer patients, respectively. Conclusions: Optimal treatment in patients with gynecologic malignancies evidently improves survival in elderly patients at any age, and in patients with ovarian cancer at any stage. Regardless of chronological age, the aim should be to deliver optimal treatment.