Pathogenetic role of vitamin D deficiency in the development of menstrual dysfunction in pubertal girls: a literature review

In the literature review, 50 scientific sources surrounding the problem of vitamin D deficiency, 80% of which amounted to the issuance of the last 5 years, have been analyzed. Despite the impact of vitamin D deficiency on the health of children and adolescents has been studied for a long time, the information on the role of vitamin D in the formation of menstrual function in pubertal girls is scant and ambiguous. Among the hypotheses of menstrual dysfunction with vitamin D deficiency, neurohumoral regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian system is considered to be essential due to the localization of vitamin D receptors (VDR), unlike other vitamins, in the nuclei of various tissues and organs. However, in the last 10 years, data on the role of genetic polymorphism of the VDR gene in the pathogenesis of various manifestations of menstrual dysfunction have been accumulated. Some studies indicated a beneficial effect of cholecalciferol on such menstrual dysfunctions as oligomenorrhea and dysmenorrhea. Regarding numerous data on the role of vitamin D, both traditional and recently published, there is a strong correlation between vitamin D deficiency and other various factors, determining a wide range of polymorphic clinical manifestations where menstrual dysfunction is essential in girls at the age of puberty.