Recent and Upcoming Technological Developments in Computed Tomography High Speed, Low Dose, Deep Learning, Multienergy

The advent of computed tomography (CT) has revolutionized radiology, and this revolution is still going on. Starting as a pure head scanner, modern CT systems are now able to perform whole-body examinations within a couple of seconds in isotropic resolution, single-rotation whole-organ perfusion, and temporal resolution to fulfill the needs of cardiac CT. Because of the increasing number of CT examinations in all age groups and overall medical-driven radiation exposure, dose reduction remains a hot topic. Although fast gantry rotation, broad detector arrays, and different dual-energy solutions were main topics in the past years, new techniques such as photon counting detectors, powerful x-ray tubes for low-kV scanning, automated image preprocessing, and machine learning algorithms have moved into focus today. The aim of this article is to give an overview of the technical specifications of up-to-date available CT systems and recent hardware and software innovations for CT systems in the near future.