Plasma and trap-based techniques for science with positrons

被引:215
作者
Danielson, J. R. [1 ]
Dubin, D. H. E. [1 ]
Greaves, R. G. [2 ]
Surko, C. M. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
[2] First Point Sci Inc, Agoura Hills, CA 91301 USA
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
PURE ELECTRON-PLASMA; AUTORESONANT NONSTATIONARY EXCITATION; HIGHLY-CHARGED IONS; FIELD-ASSISTED MODERATOR; GAMMA-RAY SPECTRA; LOW-ORDER MODES; LOW-ENERGY; NONNEUTRAL PLASMAS; ANNIHILATION LIFETIME; MAGNETIC TRAP;
D O I
10.1103/RevModPhys.87.247
中图分类号
O4 [物理学];
学科分类号
0702 ;
摘要
In recent years, there has been a wealth of new science involving low-energy antimatter (i.e., positrons and antiprotons) at energies ranging from 10(2) to less than 10(-3) eV. Much of this progress has been driven by the development of new plasma-based techniques to accumulate, manipulate, and deliver antiparticles for specific applications. This article focuses on the advances made in this area using positrons. However, many of the resulting techniques are relevant to antiprotons as well. An overview is presented of relevant theory of single-component plasmas in electromagnetic traps. Methods are described to produce intense sources of positrons and to efficiently slow the typically energetic particles thus produced. Techniques are described to trap positrons efficiently and to cool and compress the resulting positron gases and plasmas. Finally, the procedures developed to deliver tailored pulses and beams (e.g., in intense, short bursts, or as quasimonoenergetic continuous beams) for specific applications are reviewed. The status of development in specific application areas is also reviewed. One example is the formation of antihydrogen atoms for fundamental physics [e.g., tests of invariance under charge conjugation, parity inversion, and time reversal (the CPT theorem), and studies of the interaction of gravity with antimatter]. Other applications discussed include atomic and materials physics studies and the study of the electron-positron many-body system, including both classical electron-positron plasmas and the complementary quantum system in the form of Bose-condensed gases of positronium atoms. Areas of future promise are also discussed. The review concludes with a brief summary and a list of outstanding challenges.
引用
收藏
页码:247 / 306
页数:60
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