[1] Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Met & Energy Engn, Natl & Local Joint Engn Lab Lithium Ion Batteries, Key Lab Adv Battery Mat Yunnan Prov, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, Peoples R China
[2] PanZhihua Univ, Coll Elect Informat Engn, Panzhihua 617000, Peoples R China
[3] PanZhihua Univ, Coll Vanadium & Titanium, Panzhihua 617000, Peoples R China
[4] Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Mat Sci & Engn, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, Peoples R China