The Concept of the GNSSControl Network Densification with Precise Leveling for Ground Deformation Monitoring

Many natural hazards as well as human activities may induce land subsidence and other disasters threating human life and property. In these cases there is a necessity for monitoring of ground deformation. Determination of deformation indices requires high precision geodetic surveys like static GNSS positioning as well as precise spirit leveling. Static GNSS measurements allow for precise determination of the actual height of the controlled points over the investigated area. In such a case the processed baselines are of several kilometers. This makes possible to establish the GNSS reference points outside the affected area. On the other hand, there is often a need for densification of the controlled points and determination of the deformation indices with higher spatial resolution. In this case a precise geometric leveling can be applied. The paper presents concept developed at the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn of the deformation monitoring with application of integrated GNSS measurements and precise leveling. The developed methodology was introduced and tested at the area of the open pit mine "KWB Adamow" in Poland.