Occupational exposure and risk assessment for agricultural workers of thiamethoxam in vineyards

被引:9
|
作者
Lee, Jiho [1 ]
Kim, JiWoo [2 ]
Shin, Yongho [3 ]
Park, Eunyoung [4 ]
Lee, Junghak [4 ]
Keum, Young-Soo [1 ]
Kim, Jeong-Han [4 ]
机构
[1] Konkuk Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Seoul 05029, South Korea
[2] Supreme Prosecutors Off, Forens Genet & Chem Div, Seoul 06590, South Korea
[3] Dong A Univ, Coll Nat Resources & Life Sci, Dept Appl Biol, Busan 49315, South Korea
[4] Seoul Natl Univ, Res Inst Agr & Life Sci, Dept Agr Biotechnol, Seoul 08826, South Korea
关键词
Exposure; Thiamethoxam; Whole -body dosimetry; IOM Sampler; Risk assessment; Biomonitoring; FUNGICIDE KRESOXIM-METHYL; POTENTIAL DERMAL EXPOSURE; WHOLE-BODY DOSIMETRY; PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; INHALATION EXPOSURE; MANUAL SPRAYERS; GREEN-PEPPER; INSECTICIDE; APPLE; OPERATORS;
D O I
10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113988
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Dermal & inhalation exposure was examined and according to these results, risk assessment of agricultural workers to thiamethoxam was performed during pesticide mixing/loading and hand-held sprayer application (11 replicates, each of about 1000 L of spray suspension) in vineyards. For the whole body dosimetry (WBD), clothing (Outer and inner), gauze, and nitrile gloves were analyzed to determine dermal exposure using whole -body dosimetry exposure protocol. The inhalation exposure was measured using a glass fiber filter with an IOM sampler. Analytical method validation of exposure matrices was evaluated including the field recovery and breakthrough test. The dermal exposure amount during mixing/loading was 0.163 mg (0.0004% of the total mixed/loaded active ingredient [a.i.]), whereas there was no inhalation exposure. The gloves (0.154 mg, 94.5%) were the most exposed body parts followed by the chest and stomach (0.009 mg, 5.5%). During application, the dermal and inhalation exposure amounts were 32.3 mg (0.07% of the total applied a.i.) and 10.8 mu g (2.4 x 10-6% of the total applied a.i), respectively. The shin (35.1%) had the highest exposure to pesticides, followed by the chest & stomach (15.6%) and pelvis (12.6%). In case of mixing/loading, the amounts of actual dermal exposure (ADE) and actual inhalation exposure (AIE) were 0.0 and 0.0 mu g/day, while those of ADE and AIE were 4707.6 and 15.8 mu g/day for application. In risk assessment of the two different scenarios, the risk index was much lower than 1 (mixing/loading:0.000, application:0.014), indicating that vineyard workers are at low risk of thiamethoxam exposure. To determine the validity of the risk assessment using WBD method, the urinary metabolite was analyzed. Comparison of biomonitoring data and WBD exposure data show a reliable correlation (r = 0.885, p = 0.0003), suggesting that these are suitable methods to estimate exposure.
引用
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页数:7
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