Bulk viscosity in strong and electroweak matter

被引:5
|
作者
Tawfik, Abdel Nasser [1 ,2 ]
Greiner, Carsten [1 ]
机构
[1] Goethe Univ, Inst Theoret Phys ITP, Max von Laue Str 1, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
[2] Egyptian Ctr Theoret Phys ECTP, Juhayna Sq 26th July Corridor, Giza 12588, Egypt
来源
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS E | 2021年 / 30卷 / 08期
关键词
Transport properties; lattice QCD calculations; perturbation theory; QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; QCD MATTER; QUARK CONDENSATE; ENTROPY; BEHAVIOR; MODEL;
D O I
10.1142/S0218301321500671
中图分类号
O57 [原子核物理学、高能物理学];
学科分类号
070202 ;
摘要
For temperatures T ranging from a few MeV up to TeV and energy density rho up to 1016GeV/fm(3), the bulk viscosity zeta is calculated in nonperturbation (up, down, strange, charm and bottom) and perturbation theories with up, down, strange, charm, bottom and top quark flavors, at vanishing baryon-chemical potential. To these calculations, results deduced from the effective QCD-like model, the Polyakov linear-sigma model (PLSM), are also integrated in. The PLSM merely comes up with essential contributions for the vacuum and thermal condensations of the gluons and the quarks (up, down, strange and charm flavors). Furthermore, the thermal contributions of the photons, neutrinos, charged leptons, electroweak particles and scalar Higgs boson are found very significant along the entire range of T and rho and therefore could be well integrated in. We present the dimensionless quantity 9 omega(0)zeta/Ts, where omega(0) is a perturbative scale and s is the entropy density and conclude that 9 omega(0)zeta/Ts exponentially decreases with increasing T. We also conclude that the resulting zeta with the nonperturbative and perturbative QCD contributions nonmonotonically increases with increasing rho. But with nearly-entire standard model contributions considered in this study, zeta almost-linearly increases with increasing of rho. Apparently, these results offer a great deal to explore in astrophysics, cosmology and nuclear collisions.
引用
收藏
页数:27
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