Evaluation of awareness and understanding of cancer immunotherapy among healthcare professionals in eastern Saudi Arabia

Introduction Cancer immunotherapy is a complicated field that develops rapidly; in the past decades, immunotherapy has become the standard treatment for several cancer types. The aim of the current study was to estimate the awareness and understanding of cancer immunotherapy and associated immunological concepts among healthcare professionals (HCPs) in eastern Saudi Arabia in order to assess educational needs. Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire was conducted among multidisciplinary HCPs in healthcare institutions in eastern Saudi Arabia from April 2019 to June 2019. The survey was designed to assess the awareness and understanding of HCPs' basic scientific knowledge of cancer immunotherapy. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Reliability was tested through Cronbach's alpha, and a chi(2) or Fisher's exact test was used to determine the distribution of categorical variables between groups. Results The study included 360 HCPs: 43.6% physicians, 21.9% nurses, 20.8% medical laboratory scientists, and 13.6% pharmacists. Only 20.6% of the HCPs considered immunotherapy the best-known cancer therapy. The overall level of awareness of cancer immunotherapy was low (55.8%), and only 6.4% of the participants had a high knowledge rate. The majority of the respondents indicated the importance of studying the science of immunotherapy. Cronbach's alphas for the HCPs' perceptions, self-evaluation rate, and reflection scales were 0.74, 0.90, and 0.66, respectively. Simple linear regression showed a significant relationship between reflection and self-evaluation. Conclusions A reliable and consistent study revealed a low level of awareness and understanding of immunotherapy among multidisciplinary HCPs.