Pathogenesis of extrahepatic bile duct atresia (EHBA) - Comprehension from a surgical point of view

Introduction: The aim of the study is to establish a complete comprehension of the pathogenesis of Biliary Atresia, and to explain both the variable and redundant pathomorphological, as well as, histological findings. Materials and Methods: The pathomorphological and histological findings in 223 patients with histologically evident EHBA were recorded retrospectively (72 patients) or prospectively (151 patients), according to a projected ascending study. These findings were compared with histological findings in human and rat embryos. Results: 1) The pathomorphological findings recorded in patients with EHBA were also found in stages of normal embryogenesis of the bile duct system in human and rat embryos. 2) Each histological finding in Biliary Atresia corresponds to a finding in an interrupted stage of the normal development in human and rat embryos. 3) The findings in patients and embryos can be explained completely by a disturbed intrinsic epithelium/mesoderm interaction. 4) Some findings in Biliary Atresia cannot be explained easily by the assumption of an extrinsic factor. Conclusion: There is no finding in Biliary Atresia which cannot be completely explained as the result of an intrinsic developmental error, probably due to disturbances or interruption of epithelium/mesoderm interaction during embryogenesis.