As a novel sur face treatment technique, laser shock peening has been widely employed to optimize fatigue performance of target meta Is. Our previous study has proved that laser shock peening can effectively improve the fatigue life of AISI 9310 gears. This study focuses on the crack initiation and propagation stage, further investigates the influence of residual stress on gears fatigue lives. Subsequent bending fatigue test under the same loading can generate similar experiment results. It turns out that the AISI9310 gears in our study are at the infinite fatigue life stage after laser shock peening.