Neuro-degeneration profile of Alzheimer's patients: A brain morphometry study

被引:65
作者
Bernardes da Silva Filho, Silvio Ramos [1 ]
Oliveira Barbosa, Jeam Haroldo [2 ]
Rondinoni, Carlo [1 ]
dos Santos, Antonio Carlos [1 ]
Garrido Salmon, Carlos Ernesto [2 ]
da Costa Lima, Nereida Kilza [1 ]
Ferriolli, Eduardo [1 ]
Moriguti, Julio Cesar [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto Med Sch, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
[2] Univ Sao Paulo FFCLRP USP, Fac Philosophy Sci & Letters Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
基金
巴西圣保罗研究基金会;
关键词
Alzheimer's disease; Aging; Brain atrophy; Cortical thickness; MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; HUMAN CEREBRAL-CORTEX; MINI-MENTAL-STATE; ENTORHINAL CORTEX; HIPPOCAMPAL VOLUME; DISEASE; MRI; DEMENTIA; ATROPHY; AD;
D O I
10.1016/j.nicl.2017.04.001
中图分类号
R445 [影像诊断学];
学科分类号
100207 ;
摘要
Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a primary and progressive neurodegenerative disorder, which is marked by cognitive deterioration and memory impairment. Atrophy of hippocampus and other basal brain regions is one of the most predominant structural imaging findings related to AD. Most studies have evaluated the preclinical and initial stages of AD through clinical trials using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Structural biomarkers for advanced AD stages have not been evaluated yet, being considered only hypothetically. Objective: To evaluate the brain morphometry of AD patients at all disease stages, identifying the structural neuro-degeneration profile associated with AD severity. Material and methods: AD patients aged 60 years or over at different AD stages were recruited and grouped into three groups following the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) score: CDR1 (n = 16), CDR2 (n = 15), CDR3 (n = 13). Age paired healthy volunteers (n = 16) were also recruited (control group). Brain images were acquired on a 3T magnetic resonance scanner using a conventional Gradient eco 3D T1-w sequence without contrast injection. Volumetric quantitative data and cortical thickness were obtained by automatic segmentation using the Freesurfer software. Volume of each brain region was normalized by the whole brain volume in order to minimize age and body size effects. Volume and cortical thickness variations among groups were compared. Results: Atrophy was observed in the hippocampus, amygdala, entorhinal cortex, parahippocampal region, temporal pole and temporal lobe of patients suffering from AD at any stage. Cortical thickness was reduced only in the parahippocampal gyrus at all disease stages. Volume and cortical thickness were correlated with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score in all studied regions, as well as with CDR and disease duration. Discussion and conclusion: As previously reported, brain regions affected by AD during its initial stages, such as hippocampus, amygdala, entorhinal cortex, and parahippocampal region, were found to be altered even in individuals with severe AD. In addition, individuals, specifically, with CDR 3, have multiple regions with lower volumes than individuals with a CDR 2. These results indicate that rates of atrophy have not plateaued out at CDR 2-3, and in severe patients there are yet neuronal loss and gliosis. These findings can add important information to the more accepted model in the literature that focuses mainly on early stages. Our findings allow a better understanding on the AD pathophysiologic process and follow-up process of drug treatment even at advanced disease stages.
引用
收藏
页码:15 / 24
页数:10
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