Influence of magnetic fields on calcium carbonate scaling in aqueous solutions at 150 °C and 1 bar

The experiments performed as a part of this study were conducted to evaluate the effect of magnetic field treatment upon the scale forming tendency of brine solution composed primarily of calcium bicarbonate ions. The reported results were generated using a Dynamic Scale Loop system with the brine solution exposed to a magnetic field generated by a 6480 Gauss magnet of grade N45 SH in a diametrical orientation for 2.5 s. Following magnetic exposure, the brine solution was exposed to an elevated temperature 150 degrees C at 1 bar to promote the formation of scale within a capillary tube. The extent of scaling was measured by recording the differential pressure across the tube as scaling proceeded. Three important conclusions regarding the effect of magnetic field treatment upon scale formation in calcium bicarbonate solutions were reached. Firstly, the ratio of calcium to bicarbonate plays a key role in determining how magnetic fields influence scale formation, whether promoting or inhibiting it. Solutions containing high concentrations of the bicarbonate, or equal concentrations of the bicarbonate and calcium species showed inhibited scale formation following magnetic exposure. Secondly, the electrical conductivity of the calcium carbonate solution was noticeably impacted by the exposure to the magnetic field through manipulation of the ionic hydration shell and may also provide a measure of the extent of scale formation. Finally, the application of magnetic field treatment for scale inhibition may provide an alternative eco-friendly scale inhibition strategy in place of traditional chemical scale inhibitors. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.