[CII] 158 μm EMISSION AS A STAR FORMATION TRACER

被引：166

作者：

Herrera-Camus, R. ^{[1
,2
]}

Bolatto, A. D. ^{[1
,2
]}

Wolfire, M. G. ^{[1
]}

Smith, J. D. ^{[3
]}

Croxall, K. V. ^{[4
]}

Kennicutt, R. C. ^{[5
]}

Calzetti, D. ^{[6
]}

Helou, G. ^{[7
]}

Walter, F. ^{[8
]}

Leroy, A. K. ^{[9
]}

Draine, B. ^{[10
]}

Brandl, B. R. ^{[11
]}

Armus, L. ^{[12
]}

Sandstrom, K. M. ^{[13
]}

Dale, D. A. ^{[14
]}

Aniano, G. ^{[15
]}

Meidt, S. E. ^{[8
]}

Boquien, M. ^{[5
]}

Hunt, L. K. ^{[16
]}

Galametz, M. ^{[17
]}

Tabatabaei, F. S. ^{[8
]}

Murphy, E. J. ^{[7
]}

Appleton, P. ^{[18
]}

Roussel, H. ^{[19
]}

Engelbracht, C. ^{[13
,20
]}

Beirao, P. ^{[21
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA

[2] Univ Maryland, Lab Millimeter Wave Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA

[3] Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Toledo, OH 43606 USA

[4] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA

[5] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England

[6] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA

[7] CALTECH, Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[8] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany

[9] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA

[10] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA

[11] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands

[12] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[13] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA

[14] Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82071 USA

[15] Univ Paris Sud, CNRS, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, UMR8617, Orsay, France

[16] Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, I-50125 Florence, Italy

[17] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany

[18] CALTECH, NASA, IPAC, Herschel Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[19] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Inst Astrophys Paris, UMR 7095, F-75014 Paris, France

[20] Raytheon Co, Tucson, AZ 85756 USA

[21] Observ Paris, F-75014 Paris, France

来源：

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL | 2015年 / 800卷 / 01期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

galaxies: ISM; galaxies: star formation; infrared: galaxies; ISM: structure; C-II LINE; SPACE-OBSERVATORY MEASUREMENTS; FAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; WARM IONIZED MEDIUM; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; H-ALPHA; FORMATION RATES; VIRGO CLUSTER; RADIAL-DISTRIBUTION; PHYSICAL CONDITIONS;

D O I：

10.1088/0004-637X/800/1/1

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

The [CII] 157.74 mu m transition is the dominant coolant of the neutral interstellar gas, and has great potential as a star formation rate (SFR) tracer. Using the Herschel KINGFISH sample of 46 nearby galaxies, we investigate the relation of [CII] surface brightness and luminosity with SFR. We conclude that [CII] can be used for measurements of SFR on both global and kiloparsec scales in normal star-forming galaxies in the absence of strong active galactic nuclei (AGNs). The uncertainty of the Sigma([CII]) - Sigma(SFR) calibration is +/- 0.21 dex. The main source of scatter in the correlation is associated with regions that exhibit warm IR colors, and we provide an adjustment based on IR color that reduces the scatter. We show that the color-adjusted Sigma([CII]) - Sigma(SFR) correlation is valid over almost five orders of magnitude in Sigma(SFR), holding for both normal star-forming galaxies and non-AGN luminous infrared galaxies. Using [CII] luminosity instead of surface brightness to estimate SFR suffers from worse systematics, frequently underpredicting SFR in luminous infrared galaxies even after IR color adjustment (although this depends on the SFR measure employed). We suspect that surface brightness relations are better behaved than the luminosity relations because the former are more closely related to the local far-UV field strength, most likely the main parameter controlling the efficiency of the conversion of far-UV radiation into gas heating. A simple model based on Starburst99 population-synthesis code to connect SFR to [CII] finds that heating efficiencies are 1%-3% in normal galaxies.

引用

页数：22

共 98 条

[1] MODELING DUST AND STARLIGHT IN GALAXIES OBSERVED BY SPITZER AND HERSCHEL: NGC 628 AND NGC 6946 [J].

Aniano, G. ;

Draine, B. T. ;

Calzetti, D. ;

Dale, D. A. ;

Engelbracht, C. W. ;

Gordon, K. D. ;

Hunt, L. K. ;

Kennicutt, R. C. ;

Krause, O. ;

Leroy, A. K. ;

Rix, H. -W. ;

Roussel, H. ;

Sandstrom, K. ;

Sauvage, M. ;

Walter, F. ;

Armus, L. ;

Bolatto, A. D. ;

Crocker, A. ;

Meyer, J. Donovan ;

Galametz, M. ;

Helou, G. ;

Hinz, J. ;

Johnson, B. D. ;

Koda, J. ;

Montiel, E. ;

Murphy, E. J. ;

Skibba, R. ;

Smith, J. -D. T. ;

Wolfire, M. G. .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2012, 756 (02)

[2] Common-Resolution Convolution Kernels for Space- and Ground-Based Telescopes [J].

Aniano, G. ;

Draine, B. T. ;

Gordon, K. D. ;

Sandstrom, K. .

PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC, 2011, 123 (908) :1218-1236

[3] GOALS: The Great Observatories All-Sky LIRG Survey [J].

Armus, L. ;

Mazzarella, J. M. ;

Evans, A. S. ;

Surace, J. A. ;

Sanders, D. B. ;

Iwasawa, K. ;

Frayer, D. T. ;

Howell, J. H. ;

Chan, B. ;

Petric, A. ;

Vavilkin, T. ;

Kim, D. C. ;

Haan, S. ;

Inami, H. ;

Murphy, E. J. ;

Appleton, P. N. ;

Barnes, J. E. ;

Bothun, G. ;

Bridge, C. R. ;

Charmandaris, V. ;

Jensen, J. B. ;

Kewley, L. J. ;

Lord, S. ;

Madore, B. F. ;

Marshall, J. A. ;

Melbourne, J. E. ;

Rich, J. ;

Satyapal, S. ;

Schulz, B. ;

Spoon, H. W. W. ;

Sturm, E. ;

Veilleux, S. ;

Xu, K. .

PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC, 2009, 121 (880) :559-576

[4] A STUDY OF HEATING AND COOLING OF THE ISM IN NGC 1097 WITH HERSCHEL-PACS AND SPITZER-IRS [J].

Beirao, P. ;

Armus, L. ;

Helou, G. ;

Appleton, P. N. ;

Smith, J. -D. T. ;

Croxall, K. V. ;

Murphy, E. J. ;

Dale, D. A. ;

Draine, B. T. ;

Wolfire, M. G. ;

Sandstrom, K. M. ;

Aniano, G. ;

Bolatto, A. D. ;

Groves, B. ;

Brandl, B. R. ;

Schinnerer, E. ;

Crocker, A. F. ;

Hinz, J. L. ;

Rix, H. -W. ;

Kennicutt, R. C. ;

Calzetti, D. ;

Gil de Paz, A. ;

Dumas, G. ;

Galametz, M. ;

Gordon, K. D. ;

Hao, C. -N. ;

Johnson, B. ;

Koda, J. ;

Krause, O. ;

van der Laan, T. ;

Leroy, A. K. ;

Li, Y. ;

Meidt, S. E. ;

Meyer, J. D. ;

Rahman, N. ;

Roussel, H. ;

Sauvage, M. ;

Srinivasan, S. ;

Vigroux, L. ;

Walter, F. ;

Warren, B. E. .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2012, 751 (02)

[5] MORPHOLOGY OF THE INTERSTELLAR COOLING LINES DETECTED BY COBE [J].

BENNETT, CL ;

FIXSEN, DJ ;

HINSHAW, G ;

MATHER, JC ;

MOSELEY, SH ;

WRIGHT, EL ;

EPLEE, RE ;

GALES, J ;

HEWAGAMA, T ;

ISAACMAN, RB ;

SHAFER, RA ;

TURPIE, K .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 1994, 434 (02) :587-598

[6] [CII] at 158 μm as a star formation tracer in late-type galaxies [J].

Boselli, A ;

Gavazzi, G ;

Lequeux, J ;

Pierini, D .

ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2002, 385 (02) :454-463

[7] Hα surface photometry of galaxies in the Virgo cluster -: II.: Observations with the OHP and Calar Alto 1.2 m telescopes [J].

Boselli, A ;

Gavazzi, G .

ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2002, 386 (01) :124-133

[8] A COMPENDIUM OF FAR-INFRARED LINE AND CONTINUUM EMISSION FOR 227 GALAXIES OBSERVED BY THE INFRARED SPACE OBSERVATORY [J].

Brauher, James R. ;

Dale, Daniel A. ;

Helou, George .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES, 2008, 178 (02) :280-301

[9] The calibration of mid-infrared star formation rate indicators [J].

Calzetti, D. ;

Kennicutt, R. C. ;

Engelbracht, C. W. ;

Leitherer, C. ;

Draine, B. T. ;

Kewley, L. ;

Moustakas, J. ;

Sosey, M. ;

Dale, D. A. ;

Gordon, K. D. ;

Helou, G. X. ;

Hollenbach, D. J. ;

Armus, L. ;

Bendo, G. ;

Bot, C. ;

Buckalew, B. ;

Jarrett, T. ;

Li, A. ;

Meyer, M. ;

Murphy, E. J. ;

Prescott, M. ;

Regan, M. W. ;

Rieke, G. H. ;

Roussel, H. ;

Sheth, K. ;

Smith, J. D. T. ;

Thornley, M. D. ;

Walter, F. .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2007, 666 (02) :870-895

[10] The nature of the interstellar medium of the starburst low-metallicity galaxy Haro 11: a multi-phase model of the infrared emission [J].

Cormier, D. ;

Lebouteiller, V. ;

Madden, S. C. ;

Abel, N. ;

Hony, S. ;

Galliano, F. ;

Baes, M. ;

Barlow, M. J. ;

Cooray, A. ;

De Looze, I. ;

Galametz, M. ;

Karczewski, O. L. ;

Parkin, T. J. ;

Remy, A. ;

Sauvage, M. ;

Spinoglio, L. ;

Wilson, C. D. ;

Wu, R. .

ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2012, 548

← 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 →