Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can restore immune responses to a variety of pathogens, including cytomegalovirus. Following successful HAART, prophylaxis and maintenance therapy for cytomegalovirus can safely be stopped in selected patients. However, the risk of cytomegalovirus disease progression recurs if HAART fails, and so these patients require careful monitoring. Curr Opin Infect Dis 13:637-641. (C) 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.