Nuclear magnetic resonance as a tool to study flow

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements of flowing materials are reviewed with emphasis on applications to multiphase flows. After a brief presentation of NMR physics, experimental considerations related to flow measurements are discussed. Both imaging and non-imaging NMR as well as topics such as Earth's field NMR and rapid imaging are covered. Specific topics that follow are tagging and time-of-flight, phase measurement of velocity, diffusion, turbulence, and calibration and validations. Finally, recent applications are reviewed in the areas of sedimentation, suspension flows in Couette and pipe geometries, rheometers and viscometers, liquid-liquid multiphase flows, porous media flow, granular flows, and turbulence.