Pneumatosis intestinalis in the pediatric oncology population: An 11-year retrospective review at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

Background Pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) is characterized by the presence of intramural gas in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The overall aim of this study was to review risk factors and outcome of pediatric oncology patients at our institution who developed PI. Procedure Patients diagnosed with PI between 2007 and 2018 were identified from ICD-10 coding of radiology reports at Memorial Sloan Kettering Kids, a tertiary pediatric oncology center. Outcomes of interest were (a) resolution and time to resolution of PI, (b) surgical intervention within 2 weeks of diagnosis of PI, or (c) death secondary to PI. To capture the resolution of PI, we defined the "time to recovery (TTR)" as the time elapsed between date of PI diagnosis and the date of recovery. Results Forty-two patients were identified. Within 30 days of diagnosis of PI, three patients had surgical intervention for PI (7%) and two patients died (5%) due to non-PI causes. Median TTR of PI was 4.5 days (95% CI: 3-7 days). In univariable and multivariable analyses, only steroid use in the prior 30 days was significantly associated with a faster TTR of PI (HR = 2.27 [95% CI: 1.17-4.41], p = .02). Conclusions This is the largest case series of patients with PI in the pediatric oncology population, which reveals significantly lower surgical and mortality rates than other published PI series. For the majority of patients, conservative medical management is indicated. A prospective study is warranted to define diagnosis and management guidelines for PI in the pediatric oncology population in a cooperative group setting.