Multiple molecular mechanisms of 1α,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 rapid modulation of three ion channel activities in osteoblasts

Rapid nongenomic responses to steroids include modulation of ion channel activities on the cell membrane of target cells, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved. In this paper we investigate the mechanisms underlying the combined action of the secosteroid hormone 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 [1alpha,25(OH)(2)D-3] on three different ion channel types in rat osteoblasts, which include a voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channel, a mechanosensitive Cl- channel, and a stretch-activated cation (SA-Cat) channel. We found that physiological nanomolar concentrations of 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D-3 rapidly modify the overall electrical activity of the membrane in ROS 17/2.8 cells. 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D-3 increases the osteoblast L-type Ca2+ channel activity at low depolarizing voltages in a fashion similar to the 1,4-dihydropyridine (DHP) agonist Bay K8644. At highly depolarizing potentials 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D-3, potentiates volume-sensitive Cl- currents through mechanisms that may involve a putative membrane receptor. We show for the first time that 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D-3 also increases inward currents through SA-Cat channels at positive membrane voltages in a dose-dependent manner. Contrary to our expectations, the stereoisomer 1beta,25(OH)(2)D-3, which suppresses 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D-3 activation of osteoblast Cl- currents, mimicked 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D-3 agonist effects on Ca2+ and SA-Cat channel activities. Cyclic AMP is involved in 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D-3 effects on both Ca2+ and SA-Cat channels, but not in Cl- channels. We conclude that 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D-3 rapid effects on ion channel activities in ROS 17/2.8 cells occur through multiple mechanisms that, on the one hand, involve a possible direct interaction with the L-type Ca2+ channel molecule and, on the other hand, molecular pathways that may include a putative membrane receptor. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.