Measurement of research and development activity in Poland from the perspective of science, technology and innovation statistics

This scientific essay introduces readers to science, technology, and innovation (STI) statistics. It discusses the Bogota, Santiago, Lisboa, Antigua, Valencia, and Lima. These manuals provide guidance on harmonizing and standardizing methodologies, guaranteeing both the validity of statistical data and their international comparability. They offer information for R & D policy evaluation and support innovation strategies. The essay emphasizes the importance of measurement in monitoring scientific, technological, and innovative progress at the national and international levels. The authors point out the limitations and challenges related to the interpretation and use of indicators, such as focusing on data quantity at the expense of research quality, differences in data collection methods, and the lack of unambiguous indicators defined for specific institutions or countries. They also highlight the need to complement R & D indicators with other tools to ensure a better understanding of R & D and innovation activities. The purpose of this essay is to expand readers' understanding of the importance of measuring STI activities.