At present, space medicine can become useful for improvement of human health care not only in space but also on Earth. In terms of implementing cosmonautics possibilities, its achievements for health care and treatment, it is possible to define a few branches in which purposeful studies are carried out. These branches are: expansion and improvement of the knowledge of a healthy human; adaptation of means, methods, equipment and devices created to solve space medicine problems to general health care goals; promotion of space technologies into public medical care; and implementation of the accomplishment of biotechnology in medical practice.