Grain refinement of Fe-Ti alloys fabricated by laser powder bed fusion

被引：42

作者：

Ikehata, Hideaki ^{[1
]}

Mayweg, David ^{[1
]}

Jaegle, Eric ^{[1
,2
]}

机构：

[1] Max Planck Inst Eisenforsch GmbH, Max Planck Str 1, D-40237 Dusseldorf, Germany

[2] Univ Bundeswehr Munchen, Werner Heisenberg Weg 39, D-85579 Neubiberg, Germany

来源：

MATERIALS & DESIGN | 2021年 / 204卷

关键词：

Grain refinement; Laser powder bed fusion; Inoculation; Heterogeneous nucleation; Columnar-to-equiaxed transition; The Baker-Nutting orientation relationship; FERRITIC STAINLESS-STEEL; EQUIAXED TRANSITION; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC TEXTURE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; YIELD STRENGTH; COLUMNAR; BEHAVIOR; MICROSTRUCTURE; STRATEGIES; ANISOTROPY;

D O I：

10.1016/j.matdes.2021.109665

中图分类号：

T [工业技术];

学科分类号：

08 ;

摘要：

Grain structure control is essential in metal additive manufacturing. It is used to avoid anisotropic mechanical properties, hot cracking and to increase the strength via the Hall-Petch effect. Here we demonstrate the use of grain refining particles for grain control in ferritic alloys, specifically Fe-Ti model alloys. We introduce the particles in three different ways, namely (i) by using oxygen-rich raw powders, (ii) by reaction of the molten material with the process gas atmosphere and (iii) by direct addition of the refining ceramic phase in powder form. Samples are produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion with various concentrations of Ti and under Ar and N-2 atmosphere. The resulting microstructures are analyzed using optical and electron microscopy. We demonstrate a transition from a microstructure containing columnar grains >100 mu m in length to a strongly grain refined microstructure with equiaxed grains of approx. 1 mu m in size. The refining sub-micron-sized particles in all cases are cubic Ti(O,N). We discuss the findings in the light of thermodynamic calculations as well as established grain refinement models. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.

引用

页数：16

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