Diffuse axonal injury: An important form of traumatic brain damage

被引:112
|
作者
Gennarelli, TA
Thibault, LE
Graham, DI
机构
[1] Allegheny Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Neurosurg, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA
[2] Allegheny Univ Hlth Sci, Ctr Neurosci, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA
[3] Univ Glasgow, Dept Neuropathol, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland
来源
NEUROSCIENTIST | 1998年 / 4卷 / 03期
关键词
axonal injury; brain trauma; head injury;
D O I
10.1177/107385849800400316
中图分类号
R74 [神经病学与精神病学];
学科分类号
摘要
Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is a frequent form of traumatic brain injury in which a clinical spectrum of increasing injury severity is paralleled by progressively increasing amounts of axonal damage in the brain. When less severe, DAI is associated with concussive syndromes; when most severe, it causes prolonged traumatic coma that is not related to mass lesions, increased intracranial pressure, or ischemia. Pathological investigations of DAI demonstrate widespread but heterogeneous microscopic damage to axons throughout the white matter of the cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres and brainstem, There is a propensity for injury to occur in the central third of the brain, and the corpus callosum and brain stem are especially prone to injury. In these locations, traumatic axonal damage can occur in several degrees of severity, ranging from transient disturbances of ionic homeostasis to swelling, impairment of axoplasmic transport with secondary (delayed) axotomy and primary axotomy (tearing). A more detailed understanding of the processes involved in axonal damage is crucial to the development of effective treatment for the clinical syndromes of DAI.
引用
收藏
页码:202 / 215
页数:14
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