Effects of Plant-Based Diets on Weight Status in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials

被引:26
作者
Austin, Grace [1 ,2 ]
Ferguson, Jessica J. A. [1 ,2 ]
Garg, Manohar L. [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Newcastle, Sch Biomed Sci & Pharm, Nutraceut Res Program, 305C Med Sci Bldg, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
[2] Univ Newcastle, Hunter Med Res Inst, New Lambton, NSW 2035, Australia
关键词
plant-based diet; vegan; vegetarian; pescatarian; pesco-vegetarian; lacto-ovo-vegetarian; weight; BMI; waist circumference; VEGETARIAN DIET; CLINICAL-TRIALS; LOW-FAT; VEGAN; INTERVENTION; CONSUMPTION; MANAGEMENT; MELLITUS; RISK; INDIVIDUALS;
D O I
10.3390/nu13114099
中图分类号
R15 [营养卫生、食品卫生]; TS201 [基础科学];
学科分类号
100403 ;
摘要
Excessive adiposity is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D), and dietary patterns are important determinants of weight status. Plant-based dietary patterns (PBDs) are known for their therapeutic effects on T2D. The aim is to systematically review RCTs to investigate the effects of various PBDs compared to regular meat-eating diets (RMDs), in individuals who normally consume a RMD on body weight, BMI, and waist circumference in T2D. RCTs investigating PBDs and body weight, BMI, WC for >= 6 weeks in adults with T2D since 1980 were eligible for inclusion. Seven trials (n = 269) were included in the meta-analysis using random-effects models and expressed as MD (95%Cls). Compared to RMDs, PBDs significantly lowered body weight (-2.35 kg, 95% CI: -3.51, -1.19, p < 0.001), BMI (-0.90 kg/m(2), 95% CI: -1.42, -0.38, p = 0.001) and WC (-2.41 cm, 95% CI: -3.72, -1.09, p < 0.001). PBDs alone significantly reduced body weight by 5.1% (-4.95 kg, 95% CI: -7.34, -2.55, p < 0.001), BMI by 5.4% (-1.87 kg/m(2), 95% CI: -2.78, -0.95, p < 0.001) and WC by 4.3%(-4.23, 95% CI: -6.38, -2.07, p < 0.001). Interventions not limiting energy intake led to a significant reduction in body weight (-2.54 kg, 95% CI: -4.16, -0.92, p < 0.005) and BMI (-0.91 kg/m(2), 95% CI: -1.56, -0.25, p < 0.005). Trials >= 16 weeks had a pronounced reduction in body weight (-2.93 kg, 95% CI: -5.00, -0.87, p = 0.005) and BMI (-1.13 kg/m(2), 95% CI: -1.89, -0.38, p < 0.005). These findings provide evidence for the implementation of PBDs for better management of central adiposity in individuals with T2D.
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页数:17
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