Topical review: Temporomandibular disorders in an integral otic symptom model

The literature has closely observed otic symptoms (and other craniofacial complaints) in temporomandibular disorders; however, there is little evidence for an association between the two. This review tries to provide an integrated biological basis for otic symptoms in temporomandibular disorders from both anatomical and physiological points of view; it also attempts to enlarge the view of one of the ranges of central and peripheral mechanisms involved. The pathophysiology of common symptoms is integrated within different health specialties through basic science. This review is not based on a structured selection of randomized controlled trials; rather, it deals with perspectives of otic symptoms triggered or exacerbated by stomatognathic dynamics.