Effect of Kaniwa (Chenopodium pallidicaule) Flour Addition on Textural, Physical, and Sensory Properties of Pound cakes

In this study we examined the effect of kaniwa flour as gluten-free material on pound cake quality. The wheat flour to make pound cake (control, designated as CON) gradually replaced with different amounts of kaniwa flour (25, 50, 75, and 100%, designated as KF25, KF50, KF75, and KF100, respectively). The incorporation of kaniwa flour in wheat flour significantly affected the physical properties of the batter and the cakes. As the amount of kaniwa flour increased, baking loss, height, and volume reduced. KF100 showed the best textural properties with respect to hardness, fracturability, and chewiness. Regarding the micrograph of crumbs, with increasing content of kaniwa flour, the pore sizes gradually decreased and starch granules on the matrix surface grew larger. The substitution with kaniwa flour resulted in higher amounts of total polyphenols and flavonoids, and a higher value of the reducing power. The sensory evaluation showed that KF25 scored high with respect to texture, sweetness, bitterness, and overall acceptability in comparison to CON. These results suggest that kaniwa is a potential material for developing gluten-free foods.