Identification of Recent Cannabis Use: Whole-Blood and Plasma Free and Glucuronidated Cannabinoid Pharmacokinetics following Controlled Smoked Cannabis Administration

被引:148
作者
Schwope, David M. [1 ]
Karschner, Erin L. [1 ]
Gorelick, David A. [1 ]
Huestis, Marilyn A. [1 ]
机构
[1] NIDA, Chem & Drug Metab Intramural Res Program, NIH, Biomed Res Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
关键词
TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ORAL FLUID; DELTA-9-TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL THC; TEMPORAL INDICATION; HEPATIC MICROSOMES; HUMAN-URINE; METABOLISM; DELTA(9)-TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL; MARIJUANA; TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL;
D O I
10.1373/clinchem.2011.171777
中图分类号
R446 [实验室诊断]; R-33 [实验医学、医学实验];
学科分类号
1001 ;
摘要
BACKGROUND: Delta(9)-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the most frequently observed illicit drug in investigations of accidents and driving under the influence of drugs. THC-glucuronide has been suggested as a marker of recent cannabis use, but there are no blood data following controlled THC administration to test this hypothesis. Furthermore, there are no studies directly examining whole-blood cannabinoid pharmacokinetics, although this matrix is often the only available specimen. METHODS: Participants (9 men, 1 woman) resided on a closed research unit and smoked one 6.8% THC cannabis cigarette ad libitum. We quantified THC, 11-hydroxy-THC (11-OH-THC), 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC (THCCOOH), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol (CBN), THC-glucuronide and THCCOOH-glucuronide directly in whole blood and plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry within 24 h of collection to obviate stability issues. RESULTS: Median whole blood (plasma) observed maximum concentrations (C-max) were 50 (76), 6.4 (10), 41 (67), 1.3 (2.0), 2.4 (3.6), 89 (190), and 0.7 (1.4) mu g/L 0.25 h after starting smoking for THC, 11-OH-THC, THCCOOH, CBD, CBN, and THCCOOH-glucuronide, respectively, and 0.5 h for THCglucuronide. At observed C-max, whole-blood (plasma) detection rates were 60% (80%), 80% (90%), and 50% (80%) for CBD, CBN, and THC-glucuronide, respectively. CBD and CBN were not detectable after 1 h in either matrix (LOQ 1.0 mu g/L). CONCLUSIONS: Human whole-blood cannabinoid data following cannabis smoking will assist whole blood and plasma cannabinoid interpretation, while furthering identification of recent cannabis intake. (C) 2011 American Association for Clinical Chemistry
引用
收藏
页码:1406 / 1414
页数:9
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