The Management of Type 1 Diabetes in Adults. A Consensus Report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)

被引:298
作者
Holt, Richard I. G. [1 ,2 ]
DeVries, J. Hans [3 ,4 ]
Hess-Fischl, Amy [5 ]
Hirsch, Irl B. [6 ]
Kirkman, M. Sue [7 ]
Klupa, Tomasz [8 ]
Ludwig, Barbara [9 ]
Norgaard, Kirsten [10 ,11 ]
Pettus, Jeremy [12 ]
Renard, Eric [13 ,14 ]
Skyler, Jay S. [15 ]
Snoek, Frank J. [16 ]
Weinstock, Ruth S. [17 ]
Peters, Anne L. [18 ]
机构
[1] Univ Southampton, Fac Med, Human Dev & Hlth, Southampton, Hants, England
[2] Univ Hosp Southampton NHS Fdn Trust, Southampton Natl Inst Hlth Res Biomed Res Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England
[3] Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Internal Med, Amsterdam, Netherlands
[4] Profil Inst Metab Res, Neuss, Germany
[5] Univ Chicago, Kovler Diabet Ctr, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
[6] UW Med Diabet Inst, Seattle, WA USA
[7] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA
[8] Jagiellonian Univ Med Coll, Ctr Adv Technol Diabet, Dept Metab Dis, Krakow, Poland
[9] Tech Univ Dresden, Univ Hosp Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
[10] Steno Diabet Ctr Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
[11] Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
[12] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA
[13] Montpellier Univ Hosp, Montpellier, France
[14] Univ Montpellier, Inst Funct Genom, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
[15] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Miami, FL 33136 USA
[16] Vrije Univ, Amsterdam UMC, Med Psychol, Amsterdam, Netherlands
[17] SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA
[18] Keck Sch Med USC, Los Angeles, CA USA
关键词
IMPLANTABLE INSULIN PUMPS; HUMAN AMYLIN ANALOG; BETA-CELL FUNCTION; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; SEVERE HYPOGLYCEMIA; ISLET TRANSPLANTATION; IMPAIRED AWARENESS; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; POSITION STATEMENT; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY;
D O I
10.2337/dci21-0043
中图分类号
R5 [内科学];
学科分类号
1002 ; 100201 ;
摘要
The American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) convened a writing group to develop a consensus statement on the management of type 1 diabetes in adults. The writing group has considered the rapid development of new treatments and technologies and addressed the following topics: diagnosis, aims of management, schedule of care, diabetes self-management education and support, glucose monitoring, insulin therapy, hypoglycemia, behavioral considerations, psychosocial care, diabetic ketoacidosis, pancreas and islet transplantation, adjunctive therapies, special populations, inpatient management, and future perspectives. Although we discuss the schedule for follow-up examinations and testing, we have not included the evaluation and treatment of the chronic microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes as these are well-reviewed and discussed elsewhere. The writing group was aware of both national and international guidance on type 1 diabetes and did not seek to replicate this but rather aimed to highlight the major areas that health care professionals should consider when managing adults with type 1 diabetes. Though evidence-based where possible, the recommendations in the report represent the consensus opinion of the authors.
引用
收藏
页码:2589 / 2625
页数:37
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