The Local Antimagic Chromatic Numbers of Some Join Graphs

Let G=(V(G),E(G)) be a connected graph with n vertices and m edges. A bijection f:E(G)& RARR;{1,2,MIDLINE HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS,m} is an edge labeling of G. For any vertex x of G, we define omega(x)= n-ary sumation e & ISIN;E(x)f(e) as the vertex label or weight of x, where E(x) is the set of edges incident to x, and f is called a local antimagic labeling of G, if omega(u)& NOTEQUAL;omega(v) for any two adjacent vertices u,v & ISIN;V(G). It is clear that any local antimagic labelling of G induces a proper vertex coloring of G by assigning the vertex label omega(x) to any vertex x of G. The local antimagic chromatic number of G, denoted by chi la(G), is the minimum number of different vertex labels taken over all colorings induced by local antimagic labelings of G. In this paper, we present explicit local antimagic chromatic numbers of Fn & PROVES;K2 over bar and Fn-v, where Fn is the friendship graph with n triangles and v is any vertex of Fn. Moreover, we explicitly construct an infinite class of connected graphs G such that chi la(G)=chi la(G & PROVES;K2 over bar ), where G & PROVES;K2 over bar is the join graph of G and the complement graph of complete graph K2. This fact leads to a counterexample to a theorem of Arumugam et al. in 2017, and our result also provides a partial solution to Problem 3.19 in Lau et al. in 2021.