Endovascular Treatment for Critical Limb Ischemia in Type II Diabetes Mellitus Involving Femoropopliteal and Infrapopliteal Segments: Revascularization Strategy

Purpose: To determine if further endovascular infrapopliteal angioplasty in combination with femoropopliteal revascularization improves the clinical outcomes regarding major amputation rate, rate of secondary interventions, and mortality in diabetic type-II patients presented with critical lower limb ischemia (CLI). Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective study in which all type-II diabetic patients with CLI at King Abdullah University Hospital between October 2015 and September 2019 were identified. Patients with concomitant femoropopliteal and infrapopliteal vessels athero-sclerotic lesions (total occlusion or more than 50% stenosis) who received successful endovascular treatment were included. Patients were divided into 2 groups. Group-I included patients treated for femoropopliteal segment alone, while Group-II included patients treated for both femoropopliteal and infrapopliteal segments. The outcomes of the two groups were compared regarding major amputation rate, rate of secondary interventions, and mortality. In addition, demographic data, atherosclerotic lesions distributions and cardiovascular risk factors were also collected and analyzed. Results: In all, 90 patients (65 males and 25 females) with a mean age of 67.5 +/- 12 years were included. In Group-I; 44 patients (48.9%) were included (36 males and 8 females) with a mean age of 67 +/- 12 years. In group-II; 46 patients (51.1%) were included (29 males and 17 females) with a mean age of 68 +/- 13 years. The major amputation rate was higher and statistically significant in Group-I (38.6% vs 17.4%, p-value = 0.034). However, the second-ary interventions and the mortality rates showed no statistically significant differences (56.8% vs 39.1%, p-value = 0.139) and (22.7% vs 28.3%, p-value = 0.632), respectively. Conclusion: Endovascular infrapopliteal angioplasty in combination with femoropopliteal revascularization in diabetic type-II patients with CLI improves the clinical outcome regard-ing major amputation rate. However, there were no significant differences regarding the rate of secondary interventions and the mortality rate.