A new species of Oragua Melichar, 1926 is described and illustrated from the Atlantic rainforest of Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern Brazil, based on specimens collected in Casimiro de Abreu (Oragua casimirensis n. sp.). The new species can be distinguished from the other species of the genus by the following combination of features: dorsum dark brown with dispersed yellow dots and spots; male pygofer with well developed dentiform process, directed inwards, on posterodorsal portion; subgenital plates subtriangular and elongate, expanded basally, not extending as far posteriorly as location of dentiform pygofer processes; aedeagus slender and elongate, with pair of apical processes weakly connected to shaft; paraphyses with rami elongate, slightly asymmetrical, approximately parallel to each other. A key to males of the six Oragua species recorded from southeastern Brazil is provided. We propose a group of species within Oragua (linnavuorii group) based on features of the male genitalia of O. flavolineata Mejdalani, Silva & Takiya, 2016, O. linnavuorii Mejdalani, Silva & Takiya, 2016, and O. casimirensis n. sp.http://urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:38469659-F0A0-416D-8509-E594EDBA8277