Impact of High Temporal Resolution FY-4A Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder (GIIRS) Radiance Measurements on Typhoon Forecasts: Maria (2018) Case With GRAPES Global 4D-Var Assimilation System

Targeted observations for Typhoon Maria (2018) using the Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder (GIIRS) at a temporal resolution of 15 min provide unprecedented information for impact studies of high-temporal-resolution from geostationary hyperspectral IR sounders. This study investigates the impacts of different temporal resolutions for GIIRS assimilation on Maria analyses and forecasts. Results reveal that assimilating higher resolution data captures more detailed temporal and spatial structures and stronger warm anomalies. Additionally, the track forecast for Maria from assimilating higher temporal resolution GIIRS radiances is better than those from assimilating radiances with lower temporal resolution, and both are better than the control experiment. The accuracy of the different temporal resolutions GIIRS experiments (from 3 h to 15 min) is improved (from 18% to 43%), and the intensity forecast errors are also reduced (from 12% to 18%). Meanwhile, high-temporal GIIRS assimilation also improves the coastal precipitation forecasts during typhoon landfall.