Size effects in the catalytic activity of unsupported metallic nanoparticles

The influence of the size of nanoparticles on their catalytic activity was investigated for two systems on unsupported, i.e. gasborne nanoparticles. For the oxidation of hydrogen on Pt nanoparticle agglomerates, transport processes had to be taken into account to extract the real nanoparticle size effects. The results indicate an optimum particle size for the catalytic activity below 5 nm which points clearly toward a real volume effect. In the case of the methanation reaction on gasborne Ni nanoparticles, no transport limitations were observed and the product concentration was directly proportional to the activity of the primary particles. We found an activity maximum for particles of about 19 nm in diameter. This size is too large to be attributed to a real nanoparticle size effect induced by the electronic band structure. Therefore, we concluded that the particle size influences the adsorption behavior of the carbon monoxide molecules. In fact, it is known that intermediate adsorption enthalpies may favor dissociation processes, which is an essential step for the reaction, as manifested in the so called volcano-shaped curve. Then, in addition to the material dependence of the adsorption, we would also encounter a direct size dependence in the case of methanation on gasborne Ni nanoparticles.