Interleukin-1 levels in gingival crevicular fluid adjacent to restorations of calcium aluminate cement and resin composite

Objectives: The aim of this clinical study was to intra-individually compare Class V restorations of a calcium aluminate cement (CAC), resin composite and enamel with respect to the adjacent levels of interleukin (IL)-1 alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). The hypothesis was that there are higher IL-1 levels adjacent to resin composite, compared with CAC and enamel. Materials and methods: In 15 subjects, at least one set of two Class V restorations with subgingival margins, one CAC and one universal hybrid resin composite, and one control surface of enamel were included. In a cross-sectional study and on days 0, 3 and 7 of an experimental gingivitis study, GCFs were collected with Periopaper for 30 s. The GCF concentrations of IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-1ra were quantified with enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. Results: Neither the cross-sectional study nor the experimental gingivitis study showed any significant differences in the levels of IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-1ra between CAC, resin composite and enamel sites (p > 0.05). In the cross-sectional study, low IL-1 concentrations were observed. The IL-1 levels increased significantly during the experimental gingivitis. Conclusion: Regardless of CAC or resin composite, the restorations per se did not affect the GCF levels of IL-1 and IL-1ra, neither at healthy gingiva, nor at initiation of plaque-related gingival inflammation.