The Multiple Hybridizations of Populist Post-Francoism in Vox

This article analyzes the intellectual roots of the narratives built by vox. The focus is on ideological continuities and ruptures that are noticeable in vox's political imaginary concerning its ideological precedents in the 19th and 20th centuries. In this sense, we identify two essential genealogies that are part of the arc of populist nationalism: anti-liberal traditionalism, conservative liberalism and national-catholicism. Our aim is to explore the extent to which vox'r right-wing radicalism is rooted in the imagery of the political cultures of Spanish traditionalism and the extent to which it is a synchronous response to the specific challenges that the Spanish democracy has faced in the last decade. Our hypothesis is that Vox's discourse is the result of multiple hybridizations, and that it constitutes an adaptation-much like a palimpsest- to the liberal democratic canon.