Lactose cariogenicity with an emphasis on childhood dental caries

Lactose cariogenicity has been intensely debated for many years. Much of this debate stems from evidence that organic acid metabolites produced from lactose fermentation by the oral microflora have a deleterious effect on tooth enamel. However, most individuals do not consume lactose in its pure form but rather in the presence of other food components such as proteins, fats, and minerals from milk and other dairy products. The buffering capacity and potential bioactive components present in these products offer tooth enamel protection from cariogenicity. Some research literature has suggested breast feeding may promote dental caries and contribute to early childhood caries syndrome. Maternal factors appear to contribute more to this problem than breast milk per se, and improved parental personal and oral hygiene could mitigate potential problems. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.