The solitary (primary) cilium - A mechanosensory toggle switch in bone and cartilage cells

被引:46
作者
Whitfield, J. F. [1 ]
机构
[1] Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Biol Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
关键词
articular cartilage; Ca2+; chondrocytes; chondron; endochondral bone formation; Ihh (Indian hedgehog); IP3; solitary (primary) cilium; kidney cells; lacunocanalicular network; osteoblasts; osteocytes; PKD1 (PC-1); ptc (patched); PTHrP (parathyroid hormone-like peptide); Smo (smoothened); TRPP2 (PC-2);
D O I
10.1016/j.cellsig.2007.12.001
中图分类号
Q2 [细胞生物学];
学科分类号
071009 ; 090102 ;
摘要
Osteocytes and articular chondrocytes sense and respond to the strains imposed on bones and joints by various activities such as breathing and walking. This mechanoresponsiveness is needed to maintain bone and cartilage microstructure and strength. In bone the large number of osteocytes form a vast osteointernet in which the gap junctionally interconnected members are lodged in an extensive lacunocanalicular network. The much smaller number of articular chondrocytes are not interconnected in a chondrointernet. Instead, they are separately lodged in capsules called chondrons. While there are many possible strain-sensing devices, it now appears that the non-motile solitary (primary) cilia protruding like aerials from osteocytes (as well as osteoblasts) and chondrocytes are switches that when toggled by cyclical pulses of lacumocanalicular fluid or cartilage compression send signals such as Ca2+ surges into the cell to trigger a cascade of events that include appropriate gene activations to maintain and strengthen bone and cartilage. Moreover, the chondrocyte cilium with its Ihh(Indian hedgehog)-activated Smo receptor is a key player along with PTHrP in endochondral bone formation. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:1019 / 1024
页数:6
相关论文
共 53 条
[41]   ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY OF AGING SKELETAL CELLS .1. CENTRIOLES AND SOLITARY CILIA [J].
TONNA, EA ;
LAMPEN, NM .
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY, 1972, 27 (03) :316-+
[42]   Parathyroid hormone: A novel tool for treating bone marrow depletion in cancer patients caused by chemotherapeutic drugs and ionizing radiation [J].
Whitfield, James F. .
CANCER LETTERS, 2006, 244 (01) :8-15
[43]   Primary cilium - Is it an osteocyte's strain-sensing flowmeter? [J].
Whitfield, JF .
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY, 2003, 89 (02) :233-237
[44]  
WHITFIELD JF, 2007, GROWING BONE
[45]   INCIDENCE AND MORPHOLOGY OF EQUINE AND MURINE CHONDROCYTIC CILIA [J].
WILSMAN, NJ ;
FARNUM, CE ;
REEDAKSAMIT, DK .
ANATOMICAL RECORD, 1980, 197 (03) :355-361
[46]   CILIA OF NEONATAL ARTICULAR CHONDROCYTES INCIDENCE AND MORPHOLOGY [J].
WILSMAN, NJ ;
FLETCHER, TF .
ANATOMICAL RECORD, 1978, 190 (04) :871-+
[47]   CILIA OF ADULT CANINE ARTICULAR CHONDROCYTES [J].
WILSMAN, NJ .
JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH, 1978, 64 (03) :270-281
[48]   Polycystin-2 - an intracellular or plasma membrane channel? [J].
Witzgall, R .
NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERGS ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY, 2005, 371 (04) :342-347
[49]   Cilia-like structures and polycystin-1 in osteoblasts/osteocytes and associated abnormalities in skeletogenesis and Runx2 expression [J].
Xiao, Zhousheng ;
Zhang, Shiqin ;
Mahlios, Josh ;
Zhou, Gan ;
Magenheimer, Brenda S. ;
Guo, Dayong ;
Dallas, Sarah L. ;
Maser, Robin ;
Calvet, James P. ;
Bonewald, Lynda ;
Quarles, Leigh Darryl .
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY, 2006, 281 (41) :30884-30895
[50]   Effects of fluid flow on intracellular calcium in bovine articular chondrocytes [J].
Yellowley, CE ;
Jacobs, CR ;
Li, ZY ;
Zhou, ZY ;
Donahue, HJ .
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY, 1997, 273 (01) :C30-C36