Impact of climatic conditions of different world zones on the energy performance of the photovoltaic-wind-battery hybrid system

The growth of economies and the world population has led to an increase in the electricity demand, toward a disproportionate use of fossil fuels. The PV-wind hybrid system is considered an optimal solution in terms of technical efficiency and costs to reduce the use of fossil sources. The strong variability of renewable energies generated by solar and wind systems in different locations around the world sometimes leads to the need to use battery storage systems. In addition, the self-consumed energy produced by the hybrid system is strongly dependent on the load trend. Owing to the strong influence of the climatic conditions on a hybrid system energy performance, its optimal sizing is a very complex issue that must be addressed in each weather condition. This paper presents an energy feasibility study of a PV-wind-battery hybrid system considering different yearly climatic conditions in the world, according to the Koppen classification. The system is used to supply electrical energy to a district composed of five office buildings. The electrical load consists of artificial lighting systems, electrical office devices and electric vehicle charging stations. The effects produced by different yearly climatic conditions on three hybrid systems, characterized by the same overall nominal powers and different photovoltaic and wind nominal powers, were investigated. TRNSYS 17 was used for the dynamic simulation of the hybrid system. The overall aim is to identify the most proper climatic conditions by means of the optimization of several energy indicators: maximization of the self-consumed renewable energy and of the renewable energy produced utilized to supply the load, namely minimization of the energy imported from and exported to the grid. For this issue, a global indicator, that measures the energy exchange of the hybrid system and load with the grid, is proposed to select the optimal trade-off localities and hybrid systems.