The metabolic distinctiveness of emulsified lipid particles in the bloodstream and its clinical implications

The advantages of administering intravenous fat emulsions are well known. Primarily, they are important sources of essential fatty acids; they allow the administration of many calories within a small volume; and they are isotonic compared to body fluid. In this review, the metabolic distinctiveness of parenterally infused fat particles in the bloodstream is evaluated under four main headings: (1) the structure and metabolism of fat emulsion particles; (2) the metabolism of phospholipid-rich fat emulsion; (3) the interactions between fat emulsion particles and plasma lipoproteins; and (4) the acquisition of protein moieties (apolipoproteins) by fat emulsion particles and its clinical implications.