Through sampling and analyzing seawater and sediment in typical port, the concentration distribution of petroleum hydrocarbon was obtained. According to the sampling data, the concentration rang of petroleum hydrocarbons is 0.009-0.065 mg/L in seawater. The concentration rang is 33.97-297.7 ten to the minus sixth mg/L in sediments. In study, the pollution characteristic of petroleum hydrocarbons was well known in Nanjiang port. At the same time, the pollution status of petroleum hydrocarbon was preliminary comprehended in Tianjin harbor area. Besides, this study will provide a technology basis for the follow-up research on the prevention and remediation of the oil pollution.