Currently, the investing method of the available funds in the form of collective investing is going to be more popular. This method that is based on the common interest of a greater number of individual investors as efficiently as possible to evaluate their available funds. The basic starting point for collective investment is to minimize the risk of investors, through the diversification of the portfolio. The benefits of collective investment is more efficient diversification of risk, professional management of savings, availability and expansion of investment opportunities for small investors. There are also large selection of funds, high liquidity, lower transaction costs, and insufficient information and tax advantages compared to bank deposits. And these are what is attracted for more and more investors to invest their funds right this way. In the case of investment funds, however, is to get the cash in form of subscription of shares, which investors buy, thereby increasing the risk that investors will run regardless of the amount of the income. Along with the theme of collective investment came also to the fore the portfolio theory and its application of this theory as well as in the field of collective investment. The principle of portfolio theory is diversification which is used to achieve the objective of investment enterprises and their funds, mutual funds and pension funds, and the creation and management of the portfolio that provides to the clients the highest effect. The present paper deals with the analysis and optimization of the investment portfolio. There is also mentioned the founder of the portfolio, M. H. Markowitz and his selective model. This paper is also dedicated to the measurement of risk and return of portfolio and their calculation - correlation and covariance. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
